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The Supreme Court of South Australia〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Courts Administration Authority, South Australia )〕 is the superior court for the Australian State of South Australia. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. The Supreme Court is the highest South Australian court in the Australian court hierarchy. It is constituted of a Chief Justice and 12 other judges (justices). ==History== The creation of a Supreme Court was unique in the case of South Australia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Courts Administration Authority, South Australia )〕 In South Australia the notion of a Supreme Court formed part of Edward Wakefield's theory of colonization, in contrast to the other Australian colonies, which established their courts long after the settlement of the colony. The court was established by Letters Patent on 2 January 1837, five days after the colony was founded. It was endowed with all the common law and probate jurisdiction of the courts of Westminster. The first sessions were not held until May of that year, presided over by Sir John Jeffcott, the first judge of the court. (The title of Chief Justice was not officially introduced until the coming into force of Act No 31 of 1855-1856.) After Sir John Jeffcott's death in December 1837, Henry Jickling was appointed as an acting judge. Although appointed as a caretaker judge, Jickling was responsible for two important issues: he codified the testamentary causes jurisdiction of the court and admitted the first practitioners of the Supreme Court in March 1838. Justice Jeffcott's replacement on the Court was Sir Charles Cooper. Reports of ill health prompted Governor Young to ask for the appointment of a second judge, as a result Justice Crawford was appointed. Justice Crawford was the first justice to wear a wig in court. Crawford died after only two years on the bench. Crawford was replaced by Justice Boothby. Boothby was a controversial judge who did not believe in the power of the colonial parliaments to enact laws. He arguably started the first constitutional crisis in Australian history when he ruled that the South Australian Constitution of 1856 was invalid, causing the Imperial Parliament to pass the ''Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865''. Boothby was removed as a justice of the Supreme Court in July 1867. He appealed to the Privy Council in England but he died before his appeal could be heard. During Boothby's time on the Court, the first Queen's Counsels were appointed and the first circuit sittings of the Court took place in country South Australia. Also, during his time on the Court, the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured battleship, the (British) HMS Warrior, was launched. It is not known for sure if it was launched in response to the constitutional crisis he arguably created, but pundits have suggested as much. In 1935 the Supreme Court Act came into existence.〔(''Supreme Court Act 1935'' (SA) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Supreme Court of South Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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